Artículos de investigación
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Item El desarrollo de la industria minera sonorense: el retorno a la producción de metales preciosos(El Colegio de Sonora, 1997-01-01) Bracamonte Sierra, Alvaro; Lara Enríquez, Blanca E.; Borbón Almada, Martha I.; BRACAMONTE SIERRA, ALVARO; 15430; Lara Enríquez, Blanca Esthela;#0000-0002-9127-3498; BORBON ALMADA, MARTHA IRENE; 97392This article shows the way in which ancient and recent history of the state of Sonora are closely linked to the exploitation of the states rich mining deposits. At the end of last century, Sonoran economy was mainly based on the extraction of precious metals, especially gold and silver; thereafter during the first decades of this century industrial metals, particularly copper, were the leaders in this sector and consequently, of the state?s entire economic activity. The importance mining had acquired gradually decreased due to the fact that agriculture and manufacturing increased their participation, attaining high growth rates. Nonetheless, the essay shows the present characteristics of the mining industry and that which it has during the last year, mainly in 1995 and 1996. A feverish dynamism is observed in the exploration and exploitation of several metals, which remind us of the sector?s best years. There is a difference in this new growth, since, on one hand, precious metals head the expansion and, on the other, financing of new projects is mainly through foreign investment. Once these issues are developed, it is concluded that the new boom in Sonoran mining is different, since it comprises a mining production structure with a less national trend , t h at is more vulnerable to the whims of international economic cycles.Item Interacciones sociedad-naturaleza en Mazatlán, Sinaloa(El Colegio de Sonora, 1997-01-01) Beraud Lozano, José Luis; BERAUD LOZANO, JOSE LUIS; 14616The environment of the city of Mazatlán, Sinaloa, has beenradically altered, to the degree that its natural habitats are being replaced by artificial ones, and its inhabitants are in the least concerned with preserving some of the characteristic elements of this site, whose name means "place of deer", and that former comprised estuarine ecosystems, lagoons and beatiful beaches. Many of these resources have disappeared or face the danger of severe alterations resulting from the nature of community activities or "externalities" centered in obtaining short term profits, there being no culture for guaranteeing the preservation of natural resources to be managed in a sustained long term fashion, favoring the balance of natural cycles and satisfying the needs of future generations.Item Características del desarrollo del sector servicios en Sonora (1975-1993)(El Colegio de Sonora, 1997-01-01) Velázquez Contreras, Lorenia; Andablo Reyes, Araceli; Velázquez Contreras, Lorenia; 36321; ANDABLO REYES, ARACELI DEL CARMEN; 86485Economic "tertiarization" is not a recent process. Nonetheless, the fact that its dynamics has surpassed even that of industrial activities, is surprising. This phenomenon mainly occurs in developed economies, although it is growingly noticeable in countries such as Mexico. The objective of the present paper is to detect the role played by the acelerated growth process of service in a country?s or region?s development in this particular case, the State of Sonora. The documents divided into three sections. The first one provides a brief introduction to establish the importance of the study of the service sector. The second section gives some of the characteristics of the so called ?service revolution? process. Next, the general features of Sonora?s economic growth will be presented, establishing the situation of the tertiary sector. The following section provides the characteristics of services proper. The fourth part comprises conclusions.Item Hacia un nuevo escenario de las relaciones industriales en la industria automotriz mexicana(El Colegio de Sonora, 1998-01-01) Pries, Ludger; Pries, Ludger;#0000-0002-0972-5177This article analyzes the relationship between globalization and industrial relations in the Mexican automobile industry. Here industrial relations means the collective regulation's rules and practices of work conditions and employment relationships. The article presents some general characteristics of industrial relations in the automobile industry as well as a comparison between two automobile companies, based on case studies. Placing the findings in the contexts of the whole automobile industry, the article address the question of how the work conditions are changing at the industry level. Finally, some future scenarios related to industrial relations in the Mexican automobile industry are proposed.Item De cómo hablamos de los indígenas los mexicanos (no indígenas) en el México actual(El Colegio de Sonora, 1998-01-01) Zúñiga González, Víctor A.; ZUÑIGA GONZALEZ, VICTOR AURELIO; 4692During the last years, Mexican Indians have started out to emerge from their ancestral condition of "political invisibility" as they have recuperated their own voice, introducing social, political, and juridical languages about ethnic differences. Non-Indian interlocutors, however, receive these new languages through a framework based on interpretative premises and political categories inherited from the X I X Century. This article reviews the political arguments maintained by contemporary half-caste (mestizo) and Creole (criollo) people about the "indigenous issue", revealing the nineteenth- century grounds underpinning the topics and terminology as well as the political and semantic keys of such arguments.Item Identidad cultural y territorio: una reflexión en torno a las comunidades trasnacionales entre México y Estados(El Colegio de Sonora, 1998-01-01) Velasco Ortiz, M. Laura; VELASCO ORTIZ, MATILDE LAURA; 13248This essay discusses the challenge posed by the reconceptualization of the relationship between culture and territory, taking into account the experience of the transnational migration of natives from Oaxaca, in Mexico, to the United States. The post- modernist theses about the fragmentation and discontinuity of the time and space experience in the migratory processes are recovered as assumptions to understand processes rather than an explanation of the reconstitution of the migrants identity. The hypothesis underlying this thinking is that there are certain processes or mechanisms which rejoin such fragmentation and discontinuity and their elucidation will allow us to understand the recreation of cultural identities within a context of apparent territorial uprooting and social desintegration.Item La espacialidad social en el estudio de la industrialización: Estructuras sin escalas, territorios sin sujetos(El Colegio de Sonora, 1998-01-01) Alonso Estrada, Jorge; Alonso Estrada, Jorge; 72457This paper proposes a methodological discussion for critically applying the social space approach to the study of the industrialization processes. The social space or "sociospace" is proposed as a conception on the dual nature of the social integration: the practices oriented towards the production and reproduction of the material environment (spatial orientation), and the practices oriented towards the production of sociability (interactional orientation).To the end of applying this approach to industrialization, the paper proposes focusing on the social actors, the institutions (or economic governance regime), and the industrial trajectories. We close analyzing the state, firms and work from the dual optic of the functional / territorial integration.Item La descentralización de la política ambiental en la frontera norte: algunas reflexiones desde Sonora(El Colegio de Sonora, 1998-07-01) Mumme, Stephen P.; Mumme, Stephen P.This study describes Mexico's decentralizing reforms in the area of environmental policy as they are evident in the case of the northwestern border state of Sonora. The study first locates environmental decentralization within the larger process of political decentralization in contemporary Mexico and the various forms of decentralization that are evident in Mexico today and specific institutional initiatives, national and international, contributing to the goal of environmental decentralization in Mexico. Sonora's progress in decentralizing environmental policy is then described with special emphasis on the role, resources, and activities of "municipios", particularly the municipio of Hermosillo, and on differences among border and interior municipios. The paper concludes t h at environmental decentralization in Sonora largely takes the form of disconcentration, is linked to basic service provision, is proceding more rapidly in the northern border are a , is associated with the growing strength of social movements, and is hampered by numerous ambiguities in existing laws and statutes that need to be addressed if Sonora's municipios are to assume more responsabilities in this policy area.Item Tendencias de especialización maquiladora: implicaciones de la configuración socio-técnica en Nogales, Sonora(El Colegio de Sonora, 1998-07-01) Almaraz Alvarado, Araceli; Almaraz Alvarado, Araceli; 35484This article discusses the possibility of including the implicationsof the spatial movility of the firms in the specializing process of the Maquiladora Industry (MI). Strescing the importance of the socialtechnical configuration in the MI, the article explores its correspondence with the interaction process and expansion, throughout local peculinities and existing differences in the types of firms concentrated in the city of Nogales, Sonora. The idea developed throughout this article is that there should be a differentiation among localities and or regions in which the MI has been establishing, which should respond to the urgency of building typologies of industrial trajectories, reflecting of the organizational tendencies in the local and regional production and its connections to global markets.Item Exportaciones agroalimentarias de Sonora hacia la región Asia-Pacífico: una aproximación hacia los factores de competitividad(El Colegio de Sonora, 1998-07-01) Sandoval Godoy, Sergio A.; Salazar Solano, Vidal; Wong González, Pablo; Sandoval Godoy, Sergio Alfonso;#0000-0002-8380-9520; SALAZAR SOLANO, VIDAL; 44276; Wong Gónzalez, Pablo; 145173This article presents a global view of the dynamics de agricultural and food products exportation that has been a taking place in the State of Sonora during the last few years. Special emphasis is given to the exporting products with a significative presence in the Asia-Pacific region, in particular the ones linked to the meat market. In the same way, it points out the most inmediate perspectives in such a process, taking into consideration the scenario of the main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats conditioning its development, in a growing globalization production and market context. The main idea is that even with its limitations, there is a clear tendency to create a competitive regional platform for the production and exportation of these products, which could be an important element in the diversity of the state's exterior commerce.Item Servicios de salud y salud de la mujer en el contexto de la globalización(El Colegio de Sonora, 1998-07-01) Bronfman Pertzovsky, Mario; López Moreno, Sergio; Rico Galindo, Blanca; BRONFMAN PERTZOVSKY, MARIO NORBERTO; 7543; LOPEZ MORENO, SERGIO; 568471; Rico Galindo, Blanca;*CA1238098By 1999 The North American Free Trade Agreement will have undergone five years. Before its enforcement the treaty was questioned or defended by different social actors, which, could be affected or b e n e fitted by it. After five years the debate concerns the trade?s visible results. In this discussion, the circumstances that emergenced in he political and Mexican economics scene as NAFTA began (and that radically modified the conditions with which it was initially planned), provoked a setback in many potential fields. Therefore, it is necessary to renew the debate again, especially in those areas in which the treaty profounds. The controversy should take into consideration the globalization processes observed since World War II, in which the commercial treaties are only considered as aditional elements. This is very important while evaluating the commercial impact upon variables whose temporarity is enrolled in much bigger time limits or institutionalized arrangements that have their own dynamics and are inmersed in processes that precede the time and space that the NAFTA has. First of all there are some aspects relating women?s health and secondly the processes that have to do with health systems. This article begins with a global view of the globalizing process and its consequences, continuing with an analysis of specific conditions which when starting the NAFTA had to do with women?s health and health systems in the three signing countries. At the end of the paper there is a comment concerning the spheres which suffered modifications due to the NAFTA?s direct effect.Item Una aproximación a la administración municipal comparada. Los casos de los gobiernos locales de Austin y Hermosillo(El Colegio de Sonora, 1998-07-01) Pineda Pablos, Nicolás; PINEDA PABLOS, NICOLAS; 11876This work makes a brief comparative description of local governments and administrations of the city of Austin, Texas, and the municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora. The leading purpose is to review the extent of autonomy and control existing in each local government both in relation to state and federal governments and to local citizens. Thus the concepts of local government, legal base, the integration of the highest government unit, the range of substantive functions, financial structure of revenue and expenditure, and electoral participation are reviewed. The general conclusion is that the Hermosillo municipality shows up on the one side closely tied and controlled by state and federal governments and, on the other side, a very weak liaison to local citizenship. However a strong thrust towards change is perceived in the high extent of participation in local elections in Hermosillo.Item Análisis comparativo de estructuras urbanas (con énfasis en su patrimonio edificado) y la aplicación de sistemas de información geográfica. Los casos de Puebla y Hermosillo(El Colegio de Sonora, 1999-01-01) Salamanca Montes, Juan Francisco; SALAMANCA MONTES, JUAN FRANCISCO; 10107This work constitutes a first close-up of what could be a proposal for a method or model for the comparative analysis among the different cities in our country, on this occasion Puebla and Hermosillo, as of a simultaneous characterization of the cases that have been studied in relevant periods, incorporating the application of a geographic information system, even leading to the analysis of more concrete aspects such as the heritage that has been built in historical centers. Four periods have been analyzed: a) the establishment ; b) the Porfirian era ; c) modern times (the forties); and d)the nineties. The starting point is a hypothesis according to which the comparative study of two or more components of a system, such as that of mexican cities, is feasible, due to similarities as well as differences and that in the analysis of their establishment, evolution and planning processes it is possible to identify important features that can be explained in view of sociocultural and political conditions, common to the entire country. It is a proposal subject to more proof, perhaps expanding on and going in further depth into pertinent information, even applying it to other cities, perhaps with more specific or more ambitious purposes.Item El papel de los comités Pro-Estado en la creación del estado de Baja California(El Colegio de Sonora, 1999-01-01) Taylor Hansen, Lawrence Douglas; Taylor Hansen, Lawrence Douglas;*CA1236088The article deals with the role of the Pro- State Committees in the formation the state of Baja California. It analyzes the roots of political autonomy in the peninsula, which go back to the Porfiriato, as well as the impact of the Mexican Revolution on this process. It also examines the various pro- State movements which emerged from 1929 on, with regard to the composition of the member groups, their objectives and principal contributions in terms of directing popular sentiment towards the fulfilment of this goal.Item Región e integración fronteriza México-Estados Unidos(El Colegio de Sonora, 1999-01-01) Vázquez Ruiz, Miguel Ángel; Vázquez Ruiz, Miguel Angel;*CA1236551The globalization of economic processes, at first sight, suggests a very inter- related world of homogenous dimensions, with equal opportunities of development for all countries. But reality comes about with another logic: globalization furthers very segmented dynamics, where the world experiences the paradox of the establishment of regional blocks among countries and regions that are differentiated within such blocks. In this sense, border areas are one of the spaces where presently, due to one reason or another, peculiar relations occur. There are countries where border ties are expressed as ethnic and religious conflicts, whereas, there are others, in which the most important connections are of an economic and demographic nature. This is the case of the Mexico-US border, space where one of the most intense binational relations between countries takes place. This article intends to review Mexico?s northern border and the United States southern border, considering it a region integrated by two subregions: the one of the United States and the one of Mexico. For such purpose, the most important theoretical approaches is reviewed in order to understand said reality. Its review is proposed in view of its constant modifications that lead to very fast depletions in the "paradigms" of analysis used by each author who writes about the subject. This statement is documented with the contribution of qualitative and quantitative elements about the parts that form the region, particularly underscoring the different modalities of economic corridors as means to link the "subregions". Statements are also made that lead to reflect on aspects that have been little studied in the latter, such as the pro file of the business actors, that is basic to understand their levels of competitiveness in globalization as of a regional platform.Item Políticas de desarrollo turístico en dos zonas costeras del pacífico mexicano(El Colegio de Sonora, 1999-01-01) Bringas Rábago, Nora L.; BRINGAS RABAGO, NORA LETICIA; 10054This document intends to show how development policies of the Mexican government have helped to further coastal regions, whose economic basis is tourist activity. In this context, a pattern of development of urbanization in two of the countries important tourist destinations: Acapulco and the Tijuana-Ensenada Coastal Corridor, is presented. This work intends to underscore the dangers posed to the future of a tourist center, by the lack of global planning or vision that allows to correct deviations from the implemented model and taking the experiences of other tourist destinations to prevent having thus to face the high costs brought about by the decline of a tourist center.Item Movilidad laboral geográfica en un antiguo enclave minero. La inversión de un mercado de trabajo local(El Colegio de Sonora, 1999-07-01) Contreras Delgado, Camilo; Contreras Delgado, Camilo; 19096This article examines the internal and external local factors shaping the structuring and restructuring of a local labor market. By reviewing the social and economic history of the community, this article underlines its transition from a mining setting to a residence place for miners and maquila workers. In this case, the constitution of local labor markets is presented as a result of the condition encounter of both workers residence place and the location of the work place. This is a reason explaining why geographical labor mobility comes to be an actor tactic to face unemployment.Item Los rincones del crecimiento: inversión extranjera, desarrollo desigual y espacio en Sonora, 1880-1910(El Colegio de Sonora, 1999-07-01) Ruiz, Olivia; Ruiz, Olivia;#0000-0003-3194-0946Between the 1848 War and the first decade of the Twenty Century, Sonora?s history was marked by three fundamental events. The first one was the railroad construction inside the Mexican territory led by Americans. The second one, resulting as a consequence of the railroad links, was the rise of the mine production, focused on industrial metals, particularly cooper. This fact brought on the increasing presence and eventual predominance of American markets and capital in the State. Although such openness towards the USA transformed Sonora in one of the richest states of Mexico, it also sealed its dependency upon the Northern Neighbour. Finally, due to the increasing importance of the American markets and American investments, the retook place an economic growth pattern that favored those localities more closely tied to the USA at the expense of others. This essay tells part of this history.Item Trayectorias productivas y tecnología ambiental en la industria maquiladora electrónica de Tijuana(El Colegio de Sonora, 1999-07-01) García Jiménez, Humberto; GARCIA JIMENEZ, HUMBERTO; 900466The main objective of this study is to analyze the learning and competency factors involved in the selection, introduction, and implementation of environmental technologies in electronic plants from Tijuana. The central question addressed is as follows: In which way do the evolution of productive competencies of the transnational companies affect the introduction and implementation of environmental technologies? Given the fact that the maquiladora industry of electronic exportation in Tijuana has experienced different faces of productive evolution, the hypothesis of this document is that the cap a city, skill, and need to incorporate environmental technologies are associated to manufacturing knowledge level and the role of the subsidiary within its corporate network . We show some findings as a part of the research projectlabeled as this essay, which was carried out from January to August 1998.The study encompassed a twelve-plants sampling, selected and classified in three stage of productive evolution following Alonso y Carrillo (1996) and Contreras et al. (1996) . The analysis of productive trajectories identifies the mains factors involved in selecting, introducing and implementing environmental technologies. This allow to enrich the context of productive and environmental decision making proposed by our hypotetical model.Item La transferencia del sistema japonés de producción hacia un país en desarrollo(El Colegio de Sonora, 1999-07-01) Otero, Gerardo; Otomo, Junko; Otero, Gerardo;#0000-0003-2998-8166; Otomo, JunkoThis paper contributes to the debate about the transferability of the Japanese Production System (J P S) towards different cultural contexts, and particularly to Mexico. Such debate has been polarized between those who say that J P S cannot be transfered to other cultures, because it is bounded to the Japanese culture and those who argues that J P S is transferable as long as it does consist of organizational innovations which can function in different cultural contexts. Although this is a ideal-type description of the debate, most of the participants have offered arguments and data supporting either a ?cultural position? or an ?organizational position?, as we termed here. We argue that a most promising approach to the transferability of the J P S is a synthetic approach that combines both perspectives. More over, we sustain that the organizational thesis is stronger than the cultural one. However, J P S can be transfered more successfully and in a shorter period of time, if there are certain similarities to the Japanese culture. We support our argument by presenting both secondary material and a case study of the Honda of Mexico autoplant. This paper is divided in two part s. Firstly, we draw on some authors to discuss several case studies about J P S transference to other developed countries. These cases? results are ambivalent , but they tend to support the ?organizational? thesis. Secondly, we present our fieldwork and data from a survey applied to workers of Honda of Mexico in 1997.The findings lend support to our synthetic hypothesis.
